An intentionally patriotic creation who was often depicted fighting the Axis powers of World War II, Captain America was Timely Comics' most popular character during World War II. After the war ended, the character's popularity waned and he disappeared by the 1950s aside from an ill-fated revival in 1953. Captain America was reintroduced during the Silver Age of comics when he was revived from suspended animation by the superhero team the Avengers in The Avengers #4 (March 1964). Since then, Captain America has often led the team, as well as starring in his own series. Steve Rogers was killed in Captain America vol. 5, #25 (March 2007), although the Captain America series continues publication[4] with Rogers' former sidekick, Bucky, having taken up the mantle.
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Publication history
Writer Joe Simon conceived the idea for Captain America, which was refined by his partner, artist Jack Kirby, in 1941. Captain America was a consciously political creation. Simon and Kirby were morally repulsed by the actions of Nazi Germany in the years leading up to the United States' involvement in World War II and felt war was inevitable. Simon later said, "The opponents to the war were all quite well organized. We wanted to have our say too."[5]
Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941) — on sale in December 1940, a year before the bombing of Pearl Harbor but a full year into World War II, showed the protagonist punching Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in the jaw — sold nearly one million copies.[6] While most readers responded favorably to the comic, some took objection. Simon noted, "When the first issue came out we got a lot of . . . threatening letters and hate mail. Some people really opposed what Cap stood for."[5] Though preceded as a "patriotically themed superhero" by MLJ's The Shield, Captain America immediately became the most prominent and enduring of that wave of superheroes introduced in American comic books prior to and during World War II[citation needed]. With his sidekick Bucky, Captain America faced Nazis, Japanese and other threats to wartime America and the Allies. Captain America soon became Timely's most popular character and even had a fan-club called the "Sentinels of Liberty."[5] Circulation figures remained close to a million copies per month after the debut issue, which outstripped even the circulation of news magazines like Time during the period.[7]
In the post-war era, with the popularity of superheroes fading, Captain America led Timely/Marvel's first superhero team, the All-Winners Squad, in its two published adventures, in All Winners Comics #19 & 21 (Fall-Winter 1946; there was no issue #20). After Bucky was shot and wounded in a 1948 Captain America story, he was succeeded by Captain America's girlfriend Betsy Ross, who became the superheroine Golden Girl. Captain America Comics ended with #75 (Feb. 1950), by which time the series had been titled Captain America's Weird Tales for two issues, with the finale a horror/suspense anthology issue with no superheroes.
Marvel's 1950s iteration Atlas Comics attempted to revive its superhero titles when it reintroduced Captain America, along with the original Human Torch and the Sub-Mariner, in Young Men #24 (Dec. 1953). Billed as "Captain America, Commie Smasher!" Captain America appeared during the next year in Young Men #24-28 and Men's Adventures #27-28, as well as in issues #76-78 of an eponymous title. Atlas' attempted superhero revival was a commercial failure,[8] and the character's title was canceled with Captain America #78 (Sept. 1954).
[edit] Silver Age revival
Captain America was then formally reintroduced in The Avengers #4 (March 1964), which explained that in the final days of WWII, he had fallen from an experimental drone plane into the North Atlantic Ocean and spent decades frozen in a block of ice in a state of suspended animation. He quickly became leader of that superhero team. Following the success of other Marvel characters introduced during the 1960s, Captain America was recast as a hero "haunted by past memories, and trying to adapt to 1960s society."[10]
After then guest-starring in the feature "Iron Man" in Tales of Suspense #58 (Oct. 1964), Captain America gained his own solo feature in that "split book," beginning the following issue. Kirby, Captain America's co-creator during the 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comic books, was illustrating his hero's solo adventures again for the first time since 1941. Issue #63 (March 1965), which retold Captain America's origin, through #71 (Nov. 1965) was a period feature set during World War II and co-starred Captain America's Golden Age sidekick, Bucky.
In the 1970s, the post-war versions of Captain America were retconned into separate, successive characters who briefly took up the mantle of Captain America after Steve Rogers went into suspended animation near the end of World War II.[11][12] The hero found a new generation of readers as leader of the all-star superhero team the Avengers, and in a new solo feature beginning in Tales of Suspense #59 (Nov. 1964), a "split book" shared with the feature "Iron Man". Kirby drew all but two of the stories in Tales of Suspense, which became Captain America with #100 (April 1968); Gil Kane and John Romita Sr. each filled in once. Several stories were finished by penciller-inker George Tuska over Kirby layouts, with one finished by Romita Sr. and another by penciller Dick Ayers and inker John Tartaglione. Kirby's regular inkers on the series were Frank Giacoia (as "Frank Ray") and Joe Sinnott, though Don Heck and Golden Age Captain America artist Syd Shores inked one story each. The new title Captain America continued to feature artwork by Kirby, as well as a short run by Jim Steranko, and work by many of the industry's top artists and writers. It was called Captain America and the Falcon from #134-222.
This series — considered Captain America vol. 1 by comics researchers and historians,[13] following the 1940s Captain America Comics and its 1950s numbering continuation — ended with #454 (Aug. 1996). It was almost immediately followed by the 13-issue Captain America vol. 2 (Nov. 1996 - Nov. 1997),[14] the 50-issue Captain America vol. 3 (Jan. 1998 - Feb. 2002),[15] the 32-issue Captain America vol. 4 (June 2002 - Dec. 2004)[16] and Captain America vol. 5 (Jan. 2005 - July 2009 ).[17]. Beginning with the 600th overall issue counting these series, Captain America resumes its original numbering with issue #600, as if the series continued after #454.
There were attempts for a second series such as Captain America Sentinel of Liberty (Sept. 1998-Aug. 1999) and Captain America and the Falcon (May 2004-June 2005).
As part of the aftermath of Marvel Comics' company crossover "Civil War", Steve Rogers was killed in Captain America vol. 5, #25 (March 2007). Series writer Ed Brubaker remarked, "What I found is that all the really hard-core left-wing fans want Cap to be standing out on and giving speeches on the street corner against the George W. Bush administration, and all the really right-wing fans all want him to be over in the streets of Baghdad, punching out Saddam Hussein".[18]
The character's death came as a blow to co-creator Joe Simon, who said, "It's a hell of a time for him to go. We really need him now."[18]
In August 2007, Marvel announced that the Captain America of the 1940s will travel to the present day in a 12-issue series drawn by Alex Ross.[19] Marvel also announced that a new Captain America, with a costume designed by Ross, would debut in Captain America #34.[20]
The 2007 mini-series Captain America: The Chosen, written by David Morrell and penciled by Mitchell Breitweiser, depicts a dying Steve Rogers' final minutes, at S.H.I.E.L.D. headquarters, as his spirit guides James Newman, a young American marine fighting in Afghanistan. The Chosen is not part of the main Marvel Universe continuity.
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The night Operation: Rebirth is implemented, Rogers receives injections and oral doses of the Super-Soldier formula. He is then exposed to a controlled burst of "Vita-Rays" that activate and stabilize the chemicals in his system. Although the process is arduous physically, it successfully alters his physiology almost instantly from its relatively frail form to the maximum of human efficiency, greatly enhancing his musculature and reflexes. Erskine declares Rogers to be the first of a new breed of man, a "nearly perfect human being."[25]
At that moment, a Nazi spy reveals himself and shoots Erskine. Because the scientist had committed the crucial portions of the Super-Soldier formula to memory, it cannot be duplicated. Rogers kills the spy in retaliation and vows to oppose the enemies of America.[25][27]
The United States government, making the most of its one super-soldier, re-imagines him as a superhero who serves as both a counter-intelligence agent and a propaganda symbol to counter Nazi Germany's head of terrorist operations, the Red Skull. To that end, Rogers is given a uniform modeled after the American flag (based on Rogers's own sketches[23]) a bulletproof shield, a personal side arm, and the codename Captain America. He is also given a cover identity as a clumsy infantry private at Camp Lehigh in Virginia. Barely out of his teens himself, Rogers makes friends with the camp's teenage mascot James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes.
Captain America: The First Avenger
Steve Rogers volunteers to participate in an experimental program that turns him into the Super Soldier known as Captain America. As Captain America, Rogers joins forces with Bucky Barnes and Peggy Carter to wage war on the evil ... More DetailsWhen comics and movies collide, we pick up the pieces.
splashpage.mtv.com/2011/02/03/bucky-Barnes accidentally learns of Rogers's dual identity and offers to keep the secret if he can become Captain America's sidekick. Rogers agrees and trains Barnes. Rogers meets President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who presents him with a new shield made from a mixture of steel and vibranium, fused by an unknown catalyst. The alloy is indestructible, yet the shield is light enough to use as a discus-like weapon that can be angled to return to him. It proves so effective that Captain America forgoes the sidearm.[26] Throughout World War II, Captain America and Bucky fight the Nazi menace both on their own and as members of the superhero team the Invaders (as seen in the 1970s comic of the same name). Like Rogers, Bucky suffered the same fate, long thought to have been killed in action, Bucky survived, only to be rescued & brainwashed by the Soviets, to serve them as their new "Winter Soldier", an assassin trained to be an unbeatable opponent. Later Bucky would soon rediscover his true purpose, after the death of Steve Rogers. By redeeming himself and his reputation as the new "CAPTAIN AMERICA"....
... the most recent being Captain America: The First Avenger, ... Steve Rogers was killed in Captain America vol. 5, #25 ... serum to become the new Captain America and Bucky ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_America - Cached
Movie News: The First Avenger: Captain America May ... Bucky will be seemingly killed when Cap is frozen in ice, as he was in the original post-WWII Captain America stories ...
www.reelzchannel.com/movie-news/6514 - CachedMovie News; TV News; Celebrity News; Featured News ... James 'Bucky' Barnes ... Explore More About Captain America: The First Avenger
www.imdb.com/title/tt0458339 - CachedThe movie trailer for Marvel’s big screen adaptation of Captain America: The First Avenger ... As Captain America, Rogers joins forces with Bucky ... Kill List ...
www.soundonsight.org/captain-america-Though Bucky was thought to have been killed in the same plane crash that froze Captain America in the ... the sh!@ outta the First Avenger's new movie. Captain America 2 ...
stars.ign.com/objects/142/14231693.html - CachedMovie Trailer: 'Pirates of the Caribbean:On ... brought in a much smaller role as Bucky.”
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REAL NAME: James Buchanan Barnes
KNOWN ALIASES: Formerly Bucky
IDENTITY: Known to top-level K.G.B. and S.H.I.E.L.D. authorities
OCCUPATION: Adventurer; former assassin, army mascot
CITIZENSHIP: American citizen, no criminal record
PLACE OF BIRTH: Shelbyville, IN
MARITAL STATUS: Currently Engaged To Female-Russian Spy, "Black Widow", and she's pregnant with his son
KNOWN RELATIVES: George M. Barnes (father, deceased), Winnifred C. Barnes (mother, deceased), Ida (aunt, presumed deceased), Rebecca P. Barnes Proctor (sister), Proctor (first name unrevealed, brother-in-law), unnamed nephew and niece-in-law, Scott Proctor (grandnephew), Kimberly Proctor (grandniece)
GROUP AFFILIATION: (as Bucky) Invaders, Kid Commandos, Liberty Legion, Young Allies, Grandmaster's Legion of the Unliving, partner of Captain America (I)
EDUCATION: High school dropout
FIRST APPEARANCE: Captain America Comics #1 (1941)
HISTORY: Separated from his sister following their parents' deaths, James Barnes became a teenage ward of the state assigned to Camp Lehigh in Virginia, where he served as camp mascot and set up a profitable endeavor providing soldiers with various non-requisition supplies. His mother had died when he was a young child; his father had died in an accident while in basic training at Camp Lehigh. He befriended a seemingly naive young private, Steve Rogers, who had recently become the government operative Captain America. One night, Barnes discovered Rogers changing into his costumed identity; sworn to secrecy, Barnes assisted Captain America on a mission against the Red Skull and was given government approval to undergo intensive training to serve as Cap's partner Bucky, in part to counter Germany's Hitler Youth movement. Not long after this, Bucky joined forces with the mutant hero Toro and four young adventurers as the Young Allies. Bucky divided his time between missions with Cap and less formal adventures with his fellow teens.
When America entered World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Captain America and Bucky abandoned their military identities for most of the war to devote their full energies to serving as costumes freedom fighters. Captain America and Bucky allied with Toro, his partner the android Human Torch, and Namor the Sub-Mariner to form the team of superhuman freedom fighters called the Invaders; in early 1942, Bucky was also instrumental in organizing the super-teams known as the Liberty Legion and the Kid Commandos. In addition to their work with the Invaders, Cap and Bucky continued to both share missions and embark on solo adventures.
In late 1945, as the war neared its end, Captain America and Bucky were in London, England, trailing Nazi scientist Baron Zemo; they discovered him stealing an experimental drone plane and confronted him, but were incapacitated by Zemo's android. Zemo strapped the pair to the drone plane, intending to fly them to Germany, but they escaped just before Zemo activated the plane, which departed without them. Pursuing on a motorcycle, the pair leaped for the plane as it flew out of range. Bucky caught hold of the plane's wing and discovered a bomb placed upon it as a booby trap; ignoring Cap's warnings, Bucky attempted to defuse the bomb, but the plane exploded, apparently killing him. Bucky's remains were never recovered, and Captain America was subsequently thrown into suspended animation, reviving decades later to avenge Bucky's death and ensure that his sacrifice received the recognition it deserved.
After the disappearance of Captain America and the apparent death of Bucky towards the end of World War II in Europe, the costumed adventurer called the Spirit of '76 assumed the role of Captain America. A boy named Fred Davis, who had once aided the original Bucky, became the second Bucky and the partner of this new Captain America. Both the second Bucky and the second Captain America served as members of the postwar All-Winners Squad. Davis's subsequent history is as yet unrecovered. Jack Monroe became the third Bucky, who was the partner of the fourth Captain America in the 1950s. The latest Bucky is the costumed adventurer called Nomad.
When Bucky fell into the water he was preserved by the freezing waters, Bucky was retrieved by Vasily Karpov's submarine and taken to Soviet authorities in May 1945. Barnes was thawed out and pronounced legally deceased, but doctors revived him with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and adrenaline injections to his heart, although Barnes suffered considerable brain damage and had no knowledge of his previous life besides reflex memories. When the Soviets determined he had no super-soldier formula in his system, Barnes was placed in stasis. In June 1954, a K.G.B. spy within Britain's MI-6 obtained schematics for a robotic appendage that was reproduced and used to replace Barnes's missing left arm. Planning to turn Barnes back on the Americans, the Soviet government cleared Department X to begin Project: Winter Soldier. Barnes was reprogrammed with mental implantation during sensory deprivation; sent out to conduct several strategic assassinations for the K.G.B. throughout the mid-20th century including assassinating James Howlett's (later Wolverine) wife Itsu (who was carrying Howlett's unborn child); and placed in stasis between missions to slow his aging.
Upon Karpov's death nearly 20 years ago, Barnes remained in stasis due to mental instability and was placed in a storage facility inherited by Karpov's protégé General Aleksander Lukin, who went rogue after the Soviet Union's fall and formed the Kronas Oil Corporation. Coveting the Red Skull's Cosmic Cube, Lukin reactivated Barnes and had him assassinate the Skull, although Barnes did not realize that the Skull had simultaneously used the Cube to transfer his consciousness into Lukin's body. Barnes next assassinated Jack Munroe (Nomad, the former 1950’s "Bucky") and framed him for the Skull's assassination. Barnes then detonated a fire bomb in Philadelphia that helped Lukin power the Cosmic Cube; but when Lukin discovered the Cube's negative side-effects, he sent Barnes to take it to a nuclear-safe vault in West Virginia, causing Barnes to question his orders for the first time. Learning the Winter Soldier's true identity, Captain America used the Cosmic Cube to restore his memories, causing Barnes to turn against Lukin and go underground.
Barnes next resurfaced in Belgrade, Serbia where he was confronted by Wolverine, who had recently regained the memories of his wife's assassination. Barnes then appeared in London, England, where Lukin unleashed Red Skull's Sleeper robot. Barnes teamed with Captain America to defeat the robot, which vaporized his cybernetic arm in the process. After the battle, Barnes disappeared, headed toward France and making arrangements with Nick Fury to obtain a new arm. Barnes has most recently resurfaced in America working with Nick Fury as an undercover operative.
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KNOWN ALIASES: Formerly Bucky
IDENTITY: Known to top-level K.G.B. and S.H.I.E.L.D. authorities
OCCUPATION: Adventurer; former assassin, army mascot
CITIZENSHIP: American citizen, no criminal record
PLACE OF BIRTH: Shelbyville, IN
MARITAL STATUS: Currently Engaged To Female-Russian Spy, "Black Widow", and she's pregnant with his son
KNOWN RELATIVES: George M. Barnes (father, deceased), Winnifred C. Barnes (mother, deceased), Ida (aunt, presumed deceased), Rebecca P. Barnes Proctor (sister), Proctor (first name unrevealed, brother-in-law), unnamed nephew and niece-in-law, Scott Proctor (grandnephew), Kimberly Proctor (grandniece)
GROUP AFFILIATION: (as Bucky) Invaders, Kid Commandos, Liberty Legion, Young Allies, Grandmaster's Legion of the Unliving, partner of Captain America (I)
EDUCATION: High school dropout
FIRST APPEARANCE: Captain America Comics #1 (1941)
HISTORY: Separated from his sister following their parents' deaths, James Barnes became a teenage ward of the state assigned to Camp Lehigh in Virginia, where he served as camp mascot and set up a profitable endeavor providing soldiers with various non-requisition supplies. His mother had died when he was a young child; his father had died in an accident while in basic training at Camp Lehigh. He befriended a seemingly naive young private, Steve Rogers, who had recently become the government operative Captain America. One night, Barnes discovered Rogers changing into his costumed identity; sworn to secrecy, Barnes assisted Captain America on a mission against the Red Skull and was given government approval to undergo intensive training to serve as Cap's partner Bucky, in part to counter Germany's Hitler Youth movement. Not long after this, Bucky joined forces with the mutant hero Toro and four young adventurers as the Young Allies. Bucky divided his time between missions with Cap and less formal adventures with his fellow teens.
When America entered World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Captain America and Bucky abandoned their military identities for most of the war to devote their full energies to serving as costumes freedom fighters. Captain America and Bucky allied with Toro, his partner the android Human Torch, and Namor the Sub-Mariner to form the team of superhuman freedom fighters called the Invaders; in early 1942, Bucky was also instrumental in organizing the super-teams known as the Liberty Legion and the Kid Commandos. In addition to their work with the Invaders, Cap and Bucky continued to both share missions and embark on solo adventures.
In late 1945, as the war neared its end, Captain America and Bucky were in London, England, trailing Nazi scientist Baron Zemo; they discovered him stealing an experimental drone plane and confronted him, but were incapacitated by Zemo's android. Zemo strapped the pair to the drone plane, intending to fly them to Germany, but they escaped just before Zemo activated the plane, which departed without them. Pursuing on a motorcycle, the pair leaped for the plane as it flew out of range. Bucky caught hold of the plane's wing and discovered a bomb placed upon it as a booby trap; ignoring Cap's warnings, Bucky attempted to defuse the bomb, but the plane exploded, apparently killing him. Bucky's remains were never recovered, and Captain America was subsequently thrown into suspended animation, reviving decades later to avenge Bucky's death and ensure that his sacrifice received the recognition it deserved.
After the disappearance of Captain America and the apparent death of Bucky towards the end of World War II in Europe, the costumed adventurer called the Spirit of '76 assumed the role of Captain America. A boy named Fred Davis, who had once aided the original Bucky, became the second Bucky and the partner of this new Captain America. Both the second Bucky and the second Captain America served as members of the postwar All-Winners Squad. Davis's subsequent history is as yet unrecovered. Jack Monroe became the third Bucky, who was the partner of the fourth Captain America in the 1950s. The latest Bucky is the costumed adventurer called Nomad.
When Bucky fell into the water he was preserved by the freezing waters, Bucky was retrieved by Vasily Karpov's submarine and taken to Soviet authorities in May 1945. Barnes was thawed out and pronounced legally deceased, but doctors revived him with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and adrenaline injections to his heart, although Barnes suffered considerable brain damage and had no knowledge of his previous life besides reflex memories. When the Soviets determined he had no super-soldier formula in his system, Barnes was placed in stasis. In June 1954, a K.G.B. spy within Britain's MI-6 obtained schematics for a robotic appendage that was reproduced and used to replace Barnes's missing left arm. Planning to turn Barnes back on the Americans, the Soviet government cleared Department X to begin Project: Winter Soldier. Barnes was reprogrammed with mental implantation during sensory deprivation; sent out to conduct several strategic assassinations for the K.G.B. throughout the mid-20th century including assassinating James Howlett's (later Wolverine) wife Itsu (who was carrying Howlett's unborn child); and placed in stasis between missions to slow his aging.
Upon Karpov's death nearly 20 years ago, Barnes remained in stasis due to mental instability and was placed in a storage facility inherited by Karpov's protégé General Aleksander Lukin, who went rogue after the Soviet Union's fall and formed the Kronas Oil Corporation. Coveting the Red Skull's Cosmic Cube, Lukin reactivated Barnes and had him assassinate the Skull, although Barnes did not realize that the Skull had simultaneously used the Cube to transfer his consciousness into Lukin's body. Barnes next assassinated Jack Munroe (Nomad, the former 1950’s "Bucky") and framed him for the Skull's assassination. Barnes then detonated a fire bomb in Philadelphia that helped Lukin power the Cosmic Cube; but when Lukin discovered the Cube's negative side-effects, he sent Barnes to take it to a nuclear-safe vault in West Virginia, causing Barnes to question his orders for the first time. Learning the Winter Soldier's true identity, Captain America used the Cosmic Cube to restore his memories, causing Barnes to turn against Lukin and go underground.
Barnes next resurfaced in Belgrade, Serbia where he was confronted by Wolverine, who had recently regained the memories of his wife's assassination. Barnes then appeared in London, England, where Lukin unleashed Red Skull's Sleeper robot. Barnes teamed with Captain America to defeat the robot, which vaporized his cybernetic arm in the process. After the battle, Barnes disappeared, headed toward France and making arrangements with Nick Fury to obtain a new arm. Barnes has most recently resurfaced in America working with Nick Fury as an undercover operative.
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The Future & Legacy of Captain America
April 12, 2009
During the closing days of World War II, Captain America and Bucky try to stop the villainous Baron Zemo from destroying an experimental drone plane. Zemo launches the plane with an armed explosive on it, with Rogers and Barnes in hot pursuit. They reach the plane just before it takes off, but when Bucky tries to defuse the bomb, it explodes in mid-air. The young man is believed killed, but survives, and is eventually rescued by the Russians, and Rogers is hurled into the freezing waters of the North Atlantic. Neither body is found, and both are presumed dead. It is later revealed through retcons that neither character actually died.[29]
Captain America #78 (Sept. 1954), featuring the first Electro. Cover pencils and inks by John Romita, Sr.Captain America continues to appear in comics for the next few years changing from World War II era hero fighting against the Nazis to trying to defeat the United States' newest enemy, Communism. The revival of the character in the mid-1950s is shortlived though and events during that time period are later retconned to show that multiple people operated using the codename in order to explain the changes in the character.
The last of these other Captains was a man who was so devoted to emulating Captain America that he has his appearance surgically altered to resemble Rogers. Furthermore, he also treated himself and a protege to an acquired Nazi copy of the Super Soldier serum to become the new Captain America and Bucky, but were unaware of the necessary Vita-Ray component. As a result, the raw chemicals administered began to seriously affect the pair's minds, rendering them violently paranoid. After it became evident that the two were insane, they were captured and placed in indefinite cryogenic storage.
Captain America #180 (Dec. 1974). Captain America becomes "Nomad". Cover art by Gil Kane & Frank Giacoia.Captain America is plagued by guilt for having been unable to prevent Bucky's apparent death (when in fact he was still alive, working as a spy for the Russians, as the "Winter Soldier") — a feeling that does not ease for some time. Although he takes the young Rick Jones (who closely resembles Bucky) under his tutelage, he refuses at first, but soon allows Jones to take up the Bucky identity, not wishing to be responsible for another youth's death. Insisting that his hero finally move on from that loss, Jones eventually convinces Rogers to let him don the Bucky costume,[31] but this partnership lasts only a short time; a disguised Red Skull, impersonating Rogers with the help of the Cosmic Cube, drives Jones away.
Rogers also reunites with his old war comrade Nick Fury, who is similarly well-preserved due to the "Infinity Formula". As a result, Rogers regularly undertakes missions for the security agency S.H.I.E.L.D. for which Fury was executive director.[32] Through Fury, Rogers befriends Sharon Carter, a SHIELD agent,[33] with whom he eventually begins a romantic relationship, and eventually, before his tragic death in 2007, discovers she is finally pregnant with Steve's first child, a son; she later names "Rick Rogers".
Rogers later meets and trains Sam Wilson, who becomes the superhero the Falcon,[34] the first African-American superhero in mainstream comic books[citation needed]. The characters established an enduring friendship and adventuring partnership, sharing the series title for some time as Captain America and the Falcon.[35] The two later encounter the revived but still insane 1950s Captain America.[11] Although Rogers and the Falcon defeat the faux Rogers and Jack Monroe, Rogers becomes deeply disturbed that he could have suffered his counterpart's fate.
Captain America #350 (Feb. 1989): Rogers as The Captain vs. John Walker as Captain America. Cover art by Kieron Dwyer & Al Milgrom.The series also dealt with the Marvel Universe's version of the Watergate scandal, making Rogers so uncertain about his role that he abandons his Captain America identity in favor of one called Nomad. During this time, several men unsuccessfully assume the Captain America identity.[36] Rogers eventually re-assumes it after coming to consider that the identity could be a symbol of American ideals and not its government. Jack Monroe, cured of his mental instability, later takes up the Nomad alias.[37] During this period, Rogers also temporarily gains super strength.[38] He also learns of the apparent death of Sharon Carter.[39]
Long-time writer Mark Gruenwald explores numerous political and social themes, such as extreme idealism when Captain America fights the anti-nationalist terrorist Flag-Smasher;[43] and vigilantism when he hunts the murderous Scourge of the Underworld.[44] He takes D-Man as his partner.[45] Homophobia was also dealt with as Steve Rogers runs into a childhood friend named Arnold Roth.
Rogers receives a large back-pay reimbursement dating back to his disappearance at the end of World War II, and a government commission orders him to work directly for the U.S. government. Already troubled by the corruption he had encountered with the Nuke incident in New York City,[46] Rogers chooses instead to resign his identity,[47] and then takes the alias of "the Captain".[48] A replacement Captain America, John Walker, struggles to emulate Rogers' ideals until pressure from hidden enemies helps to drive Walker insane. Rogers returns to the Captain America identity[49] while a recovered Walker becomes the U.S. Agent.[50]
Sometime afterward, Rogers avoids the explosion of a methamphetamine lab, but the drug triggers a chemical reaction in the Super-Soldier serum in his system. To combat the reaction, Rogers has the serum removed from his body, and trains constantly to maintain his physical condition.[51]
A retcon later establishes that the serum was not a drug per se, which would have metabolized out of his system, but in fact a virus-like organism that effected a biochemical and genetic change. This additionally explained how arch-nemesis Red Skull, who at the time inhabited a body cloned from Rogers' cells, also has the formula in his body.
Because of his altered biochemistry, Rogers' body begins to deteriorate, and for a time he must wear a powered exoskeleton and is eventually placed again in suspended animation. During this time, he is given a transfusion of blood from the Red Skull, which cures his condition and stabilizes the Super-Soldier virus in his system. Captain America returns both to crime fighting and the Avengers.[52]
Captain America with the Winter Soldier, after the latter has recovered his memories. Pencils by Steve Epting.
Rogers reveals his identity to the world, and establishes a residence in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.[53]
Following the events of Avengers Disassembled, again under the employ of S.H.I.E.L.D., Rogers discovers that Bucky is alive, having been saved and deployed by Soviet espionage interests as the Winter Soldier.
Rogers also resumes his on-again, off-again relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Sharon Carter, who, after his death, realizes she is pregnant with Steve Rogers' son.
In the 2006-2007 "Civil War" crossover, Captain America opposes mandatory federal registration of all super-powered beings, which he sees as an erosion of civil liberties for the superhero community, and leads the Anti-Registration faction and resistance movement. He becomes a fugitive and opposes the heroes of the Pro-Registration group, including his former friend Iron Man. He adopts the alias "Brett Hendrick", a mall security guard, to avoid government detection.[54] As the War continues, Cap enlists the assistance of several figures with whom he would not choose to ally himself under normal circumstances, such as the Punisher and the Kingpin.[55]
Captain America battles Iron Man during the climactic battle and has victory within his grasp when a group of civilians attempts to restrain him. Rogers realizes that he is endangering the very people he has sworn to protect. He then surrenders to the authorities and orders the anti-Registration forces to stand down. As Rogers is led away in handcuffs, the Punisher retrieves Captain America's discarded mask.
Captain America's death. Art by Steve Epting & Dr. Frank Beckles.Following his surrender, Steve Rogers is indicted on multiple criminal charges. As he is brought to a federal courthouse, a sniper shoots him in the back. In the chaos that ensues, he is wounded three more times in the stomach and chest by Sharon Carter. Rogers is taken to a hospital, where he dies.[56] The assassination, orchestrated by the Red Skull, involves Crossbones as the sniper and Dr. Faustus posing as a S.H.I.E.L.D. psychiatrist, who gives Sharon Carter a hypnotic suggestion to shoot Rogers at a crucial moment.[56]
The superhero community is shaken by the assassination. The Punisher temporarily adopts a costume similar to that of Captain America, while Winter Soldier and Wolverine seek to avenge Rogers' death. The Winter Soldier steals Captain America's shield, and the Punisher provides him with the mask from Steve Rogers' uniform.[57] Captain America is publicly laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery, under a monument built in his honor. The body in Arlington is a fake: Tony Stark, accompanied by Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne, returns Rogers' body to the Arctic where Rogers had been found years before. Namor attends the small private ceremony and vows no one will disturb the site.[58]
Stark receives a letter containing Rogers' final requests: Stark should "save" Bucky, and that, despite his demise, the world still needs Captain America.[59] Bucky accepts Stark's offer to take on the mantle of Captain America in exchange for a promise of complete autonomy from Stark.[60] Bucky kept Steve Rogers' trademark shield, but donned a new costume and began carrying a pistol and knife, eventually taking on a romantic relationship with the "Black Widow". Later she becomes pregnant, with Bucky's son (2011).[60] The Norse god superhero Thor communicates with Steve Rogers' spirit on the first anniversary of his death. Thor grants Steve a minute of silence, by using his powers to cut off all the electronic media in America for exactly sixty seconds.[61]
Steve Rogers' physical transformation, from a reprint of Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). Art by Joe Simon & Jack Kirby.Captain America has no superhuman powers, although as a result of the Super-Soldier serum and vita-ray treatment, he is transformed from a frail young man into a "perfect" specimen of human development and conditioning. Captain America's strength, endurance, agility, speed, reflexes, durability and healing are at the highest limits of natural human potential. It has been established that Rogers' body regularly regenerates the super-soldier serum; it does not wear off.[62]
The formula enhances all of his metabolic functions and prevents the build-up of fatigue poisons in his muscles, giving him endurance far in excess of an ordinary human being. This accounts for many of his extraordinary feats, including bench pressing 1100 pounds (500kg) and running a mile (1.6 km) in little more than a minute.[63] Furthermore, his enhancements are the reason why he was able to survive being frozen in suspended animation for decades. Rogers is also unable to become intoxicated by alcohol and is immune to many diseases.
Mentally, Rogers' battle experience and training make him an expert tactician and an excellent field commander, with his teammates frequently deferring to his orders in battle. Rogers' reflexes and senses are also extraordinarily keen. He is a master of multiple martial arts. Years of practice with his indestructible shield make him able to aim and throw it with almost unerring accuracy. His skill with his shield is such that he can attack multiple targets in succession with a single throw or even cause a boomerang-like return from a throw to attack an enemy from behind. In the comics, he is regarded by other skilled fighters as one of the best hand-to-hand combatants in the Marvel Universe.[64][65]
Rogers has vast U.S. military knowledge and is often shown to be familiar with ongoing, highly-classified Defense Department operations. He is an expert in combat strategy, survival, acrobatics, military strategy, piloting, and demolitions. Despite his high profile as one of the world's most popular and recognizable superheroes, Rogers also has a broad understanding of the espionage community, largely through his ongoing relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. (who in 2010, discover that Peter Parker a.k.a "Spiderman"; adopts teenager, Billy Connors, as his son, and he joins the "Young Avengers", as "Spider-Boy".) He occasionally makes forays into mundane career fields, including commercial arts, comic book artistry, education (high school history) and law enforcement.
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Late 1940s to 1950s
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The last of these other Captains was a man who was so devoted to emulating Captain America that he has his appearance surgically altered to resemble Rogers. Furthermore, he also treated himself and a protege to an acquired Nazi copy of the Super Soldier serum to become the new Captain America and Bucky, but were unaware of the necessary Vita-Ray component. As a result, the raw chemicals administered began to seriously affect the pair's minds, rendering them violently paranoid. After it became evident that the two were insane, they were captured and placed in indefinite cryogenic storage.
1960s to 1970s
Years later,[29] the superhero team the Avengers discovers Steve Rogers' body in the North Atlantic, his costume under his soldier's uniform and still carrying his shield. After he revives, they piece together that Rogers had been preserved in a block of ice since 1945, surviving in such a state only because of his enhancements from Operation Rebirth. The block had begun to melt after the Sub-Mariner, enraged that an Arctic Inuit tribe is worshiping the frozen figure, throws it into the ocean. Rogers accepts membership in the Avengers, and although long out of his time, his considerable combat experience makes him a valuable asset to the team. He quickly assumes leadership,[30] and has typically returned to that position throughout the team's history.
Rogers also reunites with his old war comrade Nick Fury, who is similarly well-preserved due to the "Infinity Formula". As a result, Rogers regularly undertakes missions for the security agency S.H.I.E.L.D. for which Fury was executive director.[32] Through Fury, Rogers befriends Sharon Carter, a SHIELD agent,[33] with whom he eventually begins a romantic relationship, and eventually, before his tragic death in 2007, discovers she is finally pregnant with Steve's first child, a son; she later names "Rick Rogers".
Rogers later meets and trains Sam Wilson, who becomes the superhero the Falcon,[34] the first African-American superhero in mainstream comic books[citation needed]. The characters established an enduring friendship and adventuring partnership, sharing the series title for some time as Captain America and the Falcon.[35] The two later encounter the revived but still insane 1950s Captain America.[11] Although Rogers and the Falcon defeat the faux Rogers and Jack Monroe, Rogers becomes deeply disturbed that he could have suffered his counterpart's fate.
1980s to 1990s
In the 1980s, in addition to runs from such acclaimed creators as John Byrne, the series reveals the true face and full origin of the Red Skull. Rogers meets law student Bernie Rosenthal,[40] who becomes his girlfriend. He also takes Jack Monroe, Nomad, as a partner for a time.[37] He also meets Diamondback at this time.[41] The heroes gathered by the Beyonder elect Rogers as leader during their stay on Battleworld.[42]Long-time writer Mark Gruenwald explores numerous political and social themes, such as extreme idealism when Captain America fights the anti-nationalist terrorist Flag-Smasher;[43] and vigilantism when he hunts the murderous Scourge of the Underworld.[44] He takes D-Man as his partner.[45] Homophobia was also dealt with as Steve Rogers runs into a childhood friend named Arnold Roth.
Rogers receives a large back-pay reimbursement dating back to his disappearance at the end of World War II, and a government commission orders him to work directly for the U.S. government. Already troubled by the corruption he had encountered with the Nuke incident in New York City,[46] Rogers chooses instead to resign his identity,[47] and then takes the alias of "the Captain".[48] A replacement Captain America, John Walker, struggles to emulate Rogers' ideals until pressure from hidden enemies helps to drive Walker insane. Rogers returns to the Captain America identity[49] while a recovered Walker becomes the U.S. Agent.[50]
Sometime afterward, Rogers avoids the explosion of a methamphetamine lab, but the drug triggers a chemical reaction in the Super-Soldier serum in his system. To combat the reaction, Rogers has the serum removed from his body, and trains constantly to maintain his physical condition.[51]
A retcon later establishes that the serum was not a drug per se, which would have metabolized out of his system, but in fact a virus-like organism that effected a biochemical and genetic change. This additionally explained how arch-nemesis Red Skull, who at the time inhabited a body cloned from Rogers' cells, also has the formula in his body.
Because of his altered biochemistry, Rogers' body begins to deteriorate, and for a time he must wear a powered exoskeleton and is eventually placed again in suspended animation. During this time, he is given a transfusion of blood from the Red Skull, which cures his condition and stabilizes the Super-Soldier virus in his system. Captain America returns both to crime fighting and the Avengers.[52]
Captain America with the Winter Soldier, after the latter has recovered his memories. Pencils by Steve Epting.
Rogers reveals his identity to the world, and establishes a residence in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.[53]
Following the events of Avengers Disassembled, again under the employ of S.H.I.E.L.D., Rogers discovers that Bucky is alive, having been saved and deployed by Soviet espionage interests as the Winter Soldier.
Rogers also resumes his on-again, off-again relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Sharon Carter, who, after his death, realizes she is pregnant with Steve Rogers' son.
In the 2006-2007 "Civil War" crossover, Captain America opposes mandatory federal registration of all super-powered beings, which he sees as an erosion of civil liberties for the superhero community, and leads the Anti-Registration faction and resistance movement. He becomes a fugitive and opposes the heroes of the Pro-Registration group, including his former friend Iron Man. He adopts the alias "Brett Hendrick", a mall security guard, to avoid government detection.[54] As the War continues, Cap enlists the assistance of several figures with whom he would not choose to ally himself under normal circumstances, such as the Punisher and the Kingpin.[55]
Captain America battles Iron Man during the climactic battle and has victory within his grasp when a group of civilians attempts to restrain him. Rogers realizes that he is endangering the very people he has sworn to protect. He then surrenders to the authorities and orders the anti-Registration forces to stand down. As Rogers is led away in handcuffs, the Punisher retrieves Captain America's discarded mask.
Death and aftermath
The superhero community is shaken by the assassination. The Punisher temporarily adopts a costume similar to that of Captain America, while Winter Soldier and Wolverine seek to avenge Rogers' death. The Winter Soldier steals Captain America's shield, and the Punisher provides him with the mask from Steve Rogers' uniform.[57] Captain America is publicly laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery, under a monument built in his honor. The body in Arlington is a fake: Tony Stark, accompanied by Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne, returns Rogers' body to the Arctic where Rogers had been found years before. Namor attends the small private ceremony and vows no one will disturb the site.[58]
Stark receives a letter containing Rogers' final requests: Stark should "save" Bucky, and that, despite his demise, the world still needs Captain America.[59] Bucky accepts Stark's offer to take on the mantle of Captain America in exchange for a promise of complete autonomy from Stark.[60] Bucky kept Steve Rogers' trademark shield, but donned a new costume and began carrying a pistol and knife, eventually taking on a romantic relationship with the "Black Widow". Later she becomes pregnant, with Bucky's son (2011).[60] The Norse god superhero Thor communicates with Steve Rogers' spirit on the first anniversary of his death. Thor grants Steve a minute of silence, by using his powers to cut off all the electronic media in America for exactly sixty seconds.[61]
Powers and abilities
The formula enhances all of his metabolic functions and prevents the build-up of fatigue poisons in his muscles, giving him endurance far in excess of an ordinary human being. This accounts for many of his extraordinary feats, including bench pressing 1100 pounds (500kg) and running a mile (1.6 km) in little more than a minute.[63] Furthermore, his enhancements are the reason why he was able to survive being frozen in suspended animation for decades. Rogers is also unable to become intoxicated by alcohol and is immune to many diseases.
Mentally, Rogers' battle experience and training make him an expert tactician and an excellent field commander, with his teammates frequently deferring to his orders in battle. Rogers' reflexes and senses are also extraordinarily keen. He is a master of multiple martial arts. Years of practice with his indestructible shield make him able to aim and throw it with almost unerring accuracy. His skill with his shield is such that he can attack multiple targets in succession with a single throw or even cause a boomerang-like return from a throw to attack an enemy from behind. In the comics, he is regarded by other skilled fighters as one of the best hand-to-hand combatants in the Marvel Universe.[64][65]
Rogers has vast U.S. military knowledge and is often shown to be familiar with ongoing, highly-classified Defense Department operations. He is an expert in combat strategy, survival, acrobatics, military strategy, piloting, and demolitions. Despite his high profile as one of the world's most popular and recognizable superheroes, Rogers also has a broad understanding of the espionage community, largely through his ongoing relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. (who in 2010, discover that Peter Parker a.k.a "Spiderman"; adopts teenager, Billy Connors, as his son, and he joins the "Young Avengers", as "Spider-Boy".) He occasionally makes forays into mundane career fields, including commercial arts, comic book artistry, education (high school history) and law enforcement.
http://captainamericaforever.shutterfly.com/171
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www.reelmovienews.com/2011/03/captain-During World War Two, Steve Rogers attempted to volunteer for the military. Due to his weak physical condition, the military rejected him. However, Steve Rogers was selected to take part in a secret goverment experiment, which attempted to create a 'super-soldier.' The experiment succeeded, turning Rogers into a muscular physical specimen with the athletic ability of a trained Olympic athlete. The government gave him a red, white, and blue costume, a star spangled shield, and code-named him "Captain America." Throughout World War Two, Captain America fought against the Axis, often side by side with ordinary soldiers. He also served alongside other heroes from several Allied nations, including the first Human Torch, the Torch's sidekick, Toro, Namor the Sub-Mariner, and others. Captain America's most important ally, and his best friend, was Bucky (Bucky Barnes), a young man who discovered Captain America's secret identity and convinced the Captain to let him become his sidekick. (It should be noted, that in the comic book business, i.e. the "real world," many heroes acquired sidekicks, the most famous probably being Robin, the Boy Wonder, who partnered with Batman.)
In modern Marvel Universe continuity, (often called 'canon'), the characters of Captain America and Bucky were supposedly killed near the end of World War Two while stopping a scheme by the first Baron Zemo to launch a missile at the U.S. According to canon, Captain America was thrown clear of the high-flying missile as it exploded, landing in the frozen waters of the north Atlantic. Due to the super-soldier formula in his blood, Captain America survived in frozen animation until discovered by the recently formed superhero group, the Avengers. (Avengers vol. 1, #4). The world had thought both Captain America and Bucky had died during that last war mission, and news of Captain America's survival and resurrection were greeted with wonder and acclamation. America still remembered him as one of her greatest heroes.
Captain America soon joined the Avengers, and quickly became the team's leader. The respect afforded him by other heroes cannot be underestimated. In team-ups (episodes when normally un-allied heroes and/or teams gather together to fight villains), Captain America is always the automatic tactical leader.
In modern Marvel Universe continuity, (often called 'canon'), the characters of Captain America and Bucky were supposedly killed near the end of World War Two while stopping a scheme by the first Baron Zemo to launch a missile at the U.S. According to canon, Captain America was thrown clear of the high-flying missile as it exploded, landing in the frozen waters of the north Atlantic. Due to the super-soldier formula in his blood, Captain America survived in frozen animation until discovered by the recently formed superhero group, the Avengers. (Avengers vol. 1, #4). The world had thought both Captain America and Bucky had died during that last war mission, and news of Captain America's survival and resurrection were greeted with wonder and acclamation. America still remembered him as one of her greatest heroes.
Captain America soon joined the Avengers, and quickly became the team's leader. The respect afforded him by other heroes cannot be underestimated. In team-ups (episodes when normally un-allied heroes and/or teams gather together to fight villains), Captain America is always the automatic tactical leader.
Captain America Vol. 5 # 25: Death of A Dream --Info and analysis on the 25th issue of Captain America, which features the shooting death of the Sentinel of Liberty.
Thor and Captain America Superbowl Ads Disappoint-- posted Feb. 6, 2011
Thor and Captain America Superbowl Ads Disappoint-- posted Feb. 6, 2011
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